Similarities of the Old Tongue to Modern Languages

While reading The Wheel of Time, I noticed that many of the Old Tongue (OT) words have similarities to words in modern languages from all over the globe, including Italic and Germanic languages, as well as Mandarin, Japanese, and Arabic. The most obvious ones are listed below. I don't think this necesarily detracts from the work in any way; if anything, it makes it better, for it allows readers to sort of subconsciously know what OT phrases mean, even if they don't know the exact meanings of all the words. I wonder, however, if this similarity is conscious or subconscious on the part of Robert Jordan. In such cases as "t'mat," it must by by design that it is similar; but in such cases as "ayende," it is harder to tell. Jordan has written a letter on the subject of the Old Tongue, which might be useful if you find the Old Tongue interesting.

Eric has some interesting thoughts on the reason for the similarities:

I don't know if this has been mentioned before, but regarding similarities blarities blarities between the Old Tongue and modern languages, one should consider the possibility that they are entirely deliberate on the part of Jordan and entirely in sync with the story, as perhaps the Age of Legends is not so long ahead of our own after all, and perhaps the Old Tongue itself is a much evolved child of the languages we speak all around the world today.

If you find any more correlations, to these languages or others, please contact me. Thanks to the many submissions that have made this list as large as it is. Correlations in the Wheel of Time to history, Earth cultures, and fairy tales can be found found here.

OT WordOT MeaningModern LanguageWordMeaning
a
the/a
English
a
a
al
the/of the
Spanish (Arabic)
al
to the (the)
aan
one
French (Swedish)
un (en)
one
Aes Sedai
servant of all
Gaelic
Aes Dana / Aes Sidhe
prophet, storyteller, or bard / faery folk
ahf'rait
Name of a Trolloc tribe
Maltese/Arabic
afrid
little devil
Al'Ghol
Trolloc tribe
Arabic
al'ghol
the ghoul
the ghoul
algode
cotton
Spanish/Arabic
algodón/al-qutun
cotton
allein
alone
German
allein
alone
asa
you
Spanish
usted
you
atha'an
people/people of
Greek
ethnos
people
avende
tree
Greek/French
aven/arbre
tree
Avendesora
Tree of Life
Greek
aven zoa
tree of life
ayende
release/freedom
Spanish
allende
beyond
Ba'alzamon
Dark/Evil one
Hebrew
Baalzamon
Lord/Master of time
Be'lal
One of the Forsaken
Hebrew
Belial
Satan/wickedness
Bhan'sheen
Trolloc tribe
Gaelic
banshee
ghost/demon
caba
horse
Spanish
caballo
horse
chalinda
sweet girl
Spanish/Gaelic
chalada or linda/caila
fool girl or pretty/girl
Cour'souvra
mindtrap
French
cour s'ouvre
open heart
Dha'vol
a Trolloc tribe
English
devil
evil being
Dhai'mon
a Trolloc tribe
English
demon
evil being
Dhjin'nen
a Trolloc Tribe
Arabic
djinn
spirit or genie
gai'shain
Aiel dressed in white who perform servile duties temporarily
Japanese
gaijin
foreigner / despised one
Ghar'ghael
Trolloc tribe
English
gargoyle
stone statue/creature
Ghob'hlin
Trolloc tribe
English
goblin
goblin
Gho'hlem/Gholam
Trolloc tribe/Shadowspawn
Hebrew
Golem
artifical human of Hebrew folklore
Ghraem'lan
Trolloc tribe
English
gremlin
small devious creature
Graendal
One of the Forsaken
English
Grendel
Monster from Beowulf
kaf
bitter black drink
Swedish
kaffe
coffee
Kno'mon
Trolloc tribe
English
gnome
small devious humanoid creature
Ko'bal
Trolloc tribe
German
kobold
small goblin
Lan
the character Lan
Celtic
lan
blade
Lanfear
Daughter of Night
French
l'enfer
Hell
mahdi
leader of the Tuatha'an
Arabic
Mahdi
Divinely Guided One
mai
maidens
Mandarin/Dutch/Urdu
mei/meid
sister or maiden/girl or maiden/maid
miere
sea
French
mer
sea
n'dore
dancers
Spanish
bailadores
dancers
oosquai
strong alcoholic drink
English
whiskey
strong alcoholic drink
Rhuarc
Aiel clan cheif
English
Rhuarc
Author who wrote a novel about honour and debt in Masai society called "Something of Value" (The Masai are (were) fierce African warriors whom the Aiel are supposedly modeled after (fighting with spears, Ji'e'Toh etc.)).
sa'angreal
powerful artifact that amplifies the Power
French/Latin
sang raal/San Grail
royal blood/the Holy Grail
shadar
shadow
English
shadow
shadow
Salidar
the exiled Tower
Spanish
salida
exit
Sammael
one of the Forsaken
Hebrew
Samael
Satan - "foolish one"
shaitan
The Dark One
Arabic (and derivative languages)
Satan/ shaitan
deceiver/ evil, devil
Shayol Ghul
Place where the Dark One resides
Hebrew
sheol ghull
grave demon
tabac
tobacco
English/Swedish/French
tobacco/ tobak/ tabac
tobacco
tai'shar
true blood
Scots Gaelic
taibhsear (tah'shar)
vision-seer
Tarmon Gai'don
place of the Last Battle
Hebrew
Armageddon
place of the Last Battle
tel'aran'rhiod
World of Dreams
Spanish
telaraña
spiderweb
t'mat
tomato
English
tomato
tomato
Tuatha'an
Travelling People
Celtic
tuatha
people
ye
I
Spanish/Russian
yo/ya
I
zemai
corn
Spanish
maíz
corn

Great thanks to the Complete Old Tongue Compilation, from which I got all the Old Tongue word definitions. Also thanks to the many people that e-mailed me with their ideas.

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This page last edited March 28, 2003