Similarities of the Old Tongue to Modern Languages
While reading The Wheel of Time, I noticed that many of the Old Tongue (OT) words have similarities to words in modern languages from all over the globe, including Italic and Germanic languages, as well as Mandarin, Japanese, and Arabic. The most obvious ones are listed below. I don't think this necesarily detracts from the work in any way; if anything, it makes it better, for it allows readers to sort of subconsciously know what OT phrases mean, even if they don't know the exact meanings of all the words. I wonder, however, if this similarity is conscious or subconscious on the part of Robert Jordan. In such cases as "t'mat," it must by by design that it is similar; but in such cases as "ayende," it is harder to tell. Jordan has written a letter on the subject of the Old Tongue, which might be useful if you find the Old Tongue interesting.
Eric has some interesting thoughts on the reason for the similarities:
I don't know if this has been mentioned before, but
regarding similarities blarities blarities between the Old Tongue and
modern languages, one should consider the possibility
that they are entirely deliberate on the part of Jordan
and entirely in sync with the story, as perhaps the Age
of Legends is not so long ahead of our own after all, and
perhaps the Old Tongue itself is a much evolved child
of the languages we speak all around the world today.
If you find any more correlations, to these languages or others, please contact me. Thanks to the many submissions that have made this list as large as it is. Correlations in the Wheel of Time to history, Earth cultures, and fairy tales can be found found here.
OT Word | OT Meaning | Modern Language | Word | Meaning |
---|
a | the/a | Englisha | a
| al | the/of the | Spanish (Arabic) | al | to the (the)
| aan | one | French (Swedish) | un (en) | one
| Aes Sedai | servant of all | Gaelic | Aes Dana / Aes Sidhe | prophet, storyteller, or bard / faery folk
| ahf'rait | Name of a Trolloc tribe | Maltese/Arabic | afrid | little devil
| Al'Ghol | Trolloc tribe | Arabic | al'ghol | the ghoulthe ghoul
| algode | cotton | Spanish/Arabic | algodón/al-qutun | cotton
| allein | alone | German | allein | alone
| asa | you | Spanish | usted | you
| atha'an | people/people of | Greek | ethnos | people
| avende | tree | Greek/French | aven/arbre | tree
| Avendesora | Tree of Life | Greek | aven zoa | tree of life
| ayende | release/freedom | Spanish | allende | beyond
| Ba'alzamon | Dark/Evil one | Hebrew | Baalzamon | Lord/Master of time
| Be'lal | One of the Forsaken | Hebrew | Belial | Satan/wickedness
| Bhan'sheen | Trolloc tribe | Gaelic | banshee | ghost/demon
| caba | horse | Spanish | caballo | horse
| chalinda | sweet girl | Spanish/Gaelic | chalada or linda/caila | fool girl or pretty/girl
| Cour'souvra | mindtrap | French | cour s'ouvre | open heart
| Dha'vol | a Trolloc tribe | English | devil | evil being
| Dhai'mon | a Trolloc tribe | English | demon | evil being
| Dhjin'nen | a Trolloc Tribe | Arabic | djinn | spirit or genie
| gai'shain | Aiel dressed in white who perform servile duties temporarily | Japanese | gaijin | foreigner / despised one
| Ghar'ghael | Trolloc tribe | English | gargoyle | stone statue/creature
| Ghob'hlin | Trolloc tribe | English | goblin | goblin
| Gho'hlem/Gholam | Trolloc tribe/Shadowspawn | Hebrew | Golem | artifical human of Hebrew folklore
| Ghraem'lan | Trolloc tribe | English | gremlin | small devious creature
| Graendal | One of the Forsaken | English | Grendel | Monster from Beowulf
| kaf | bitter black drink | Swedish | kaffe coffee
| Kno'mon | Trolloc tribe | English | gnome | small devious humanoid creature
| Ko'bal | Trolloc tribe | German | kobold | small goblin
| Lan | the character Lan | Celtic | lan | blade
| Lanfear | Daughter of Night | French | l'enfer | Hell
| mahdi | leader of the Tuatha'an | Arabic | Mahdi | Divinely Guided One
| mai | maidens | Mandarin/Dutch/Urdu | mei/meid | sister or maiden/girl or maiden/maid
| miere | sea | French | mer | sea
| n'dore | dancers | Spanish | bailadores | dancers
| oosquai | strong alcoholic drink | English | whiskey | strong alcoholic drink
| Rhuarc | Aiel clan cheif | English | Rhuarc | Author who wrote a novel about honour and debt in Masai society called "Something of Value" (The Masai are (were) fierce African warriors whom the Aiel are supposedly modeled after (fighting with spears, Ji'e'Toh etc.)).
| sa'angreal | powerful artifact that amplifies the Power | French/Latin | sang raal/San Grail | royal blood/the Holy Grail
| shadar | shadow | English | shadow | shadow
| Salidar | the exiled Tower | Spanish | salida | exit
| Sammael | one of the Forsaken | Hebrew | Samael | Satan - "foolish one"
| shaitan | The Dark One | Arabic (and derivative languages) | Satan/ shaitan | deceiver/ evil, devil
| Shayol Ghul | Place where the Dark One resides Hebrew | sheol ghull | grave demon
| tabac | tobacco | English/Swedish/French | tobacco/ tobak/ tabac | tobacco
| tai'shar | true blood | Scots Gaelic | taibhsear (tah'shar) | vision-seer
| Tarmon Gai'don | place of the Last Battle | Hebrew | Armageddon | place of the Last Battle
| tel'aran'rhiod | World of Dreams | Spanish | telaraña | spiderweb
| t'mat | tomato English | tomato | tomato
| Tuatha'an | Travelling People | Celtic | tuatha | people
ye | I | Spanish/Russian | yo/ya | I
| zemai | corn | Spanish | maíz | corn
| | | | |
| | | | | |
Great thanks to the Complete Old Tongue Compilation, from which I got all the Old Tongue word definitions. Also thanks to the many people that e-mailed me with their ideas.
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This page last edited March 28, 2003